PROCEDURE OF PAPER ATTEMPT OF ICAP PAPERS

PROCEDURE OF PAPER ATTEMPT OF ICAP PAPERS

THE PASSING MARKS ARE 50 OUT OF 100.

AND THERE IS NO NEGATIVE MARKING.

SO YOU CAN ONLY MANAGE TO PASS BY COVERING ALL SYLLABUS AND ATTEMPT ALL PAPER AS SHOWN BELOW.

J O I N T H E D I S C O U R S E PUBLISHED IN PAKISTAN ACCOUNTANT

J O I N T H E D I S C O U R S E PUBLISHED IN PAKISTAN ACCOUNTANT at

http://www.icap.org.pk/userfiles/file/Publication/Pak_apr_jun_2010.pdf

In my opinion the greatest risks to global business will be:


Energy crisis

Law and order, terrorism, and political strikes

Cost inflation with stiff competition

New technologies accompanied by day to day swift changes

Financial volatility

Organizations are realizing that risk is no longer a liability and if

managed adequately becomes a powerful asset that may offer a

competitive advantage.

Haroon Sulaman

Faisalabad

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Supply Chain Management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption (supply chain).
A simple supply chain model consists of four components:




• Supplier: supplies the raw materials



• Manufacturer: produces the product



• Warehouse or Distribution Center: stores and ships the product



• End User: receives the product



Supply chain management software




Supply chain management software (SCMS) is a business term which refers to a range of software tools or modules used in executing supply chain transactions, managing supplier relationships and controlling associated business processes.

While functionality in such systems can often be broad – it commonly includes:

1. Customer requirement processing

2. Purchase order processing

3. Inventory management

4. Goods receipt and Warehouse management

5. Supplier Management/Sourcing

BENEFITS OF SCM APPLICATIONS:



Improving relationship with customers and buyers:

1) Quick order processing and delivery of goods.




2) Ensuring availability of goods.



3) Correct product and price information.



4) Timely payments.



Reduction in production cost by;



1) Reducing manpower requirements through greater automation.



2) Lowering the levels of inventory.



Co-ordination within the departments by providing single source of information which results in;



1) timely response among departments; and



2) Lesser conflicts in views.

SYSTRUST AND WEBTRUST

SYSTRUST AND WEBTRUST




SysTrust and WebTrust are two specific services developed by the AICPA that are based on the Trust Services Principles and Criteria. SysTrust engagements are designed for the provision or advisory services or assurance on the reliability of a system. WebTrust engagements relate to assurance or advisory services on an organization's system related to e-commerce. Only certified public accountants (CPAs) may provide the assurance services of Trust Services that result in the expression of a Trust Services, WebTrust, or SysTrust opinion, and in order to issue SysTrust or WebTrust reports, CPA firms must be licensed by the AICPA.





The following principles and related criteria have been developed by the AICPA/CICA for use by practitioners in the performance of Trust Services engagements such as SysTrust and WebTrust.



♦ Security. The system is protected against unauthorized access (both physical and logical).





♦ Availability. The system is available for operation and use as committed or agreed.



♦ Processing integrity. System processing is complete, accurate, timely, and authorized.



♦ Online privacy. Personal information obtained as a result of e-commerce is collected,

used, disclosed, and retained as committed or agreed.



♦ Confidentiality. Information designated as confidential is protected as committed or

agreed.



Each of these Principles and Criteria are organized and presented in four broad areas:



♦ Policies. The entity has defined and documented its policies relevant to the particular

principle.
♦ Communications. The entity has communicated its defined policies to authorized users.




♦ Procedures. The entity uses procedures to achieve its objectives in accordance with its

defined policies.



♦ Monitoring. The entity monitors the system and takes action to maintain compliance

with its defined policies.

ERP PROJECT COST

Cost of ERP - What does ERP really cost?


The total cost of ERP ownership includes the costs of packaged software, hardware,

professional services (for ongoing maintenance, upgrades and optimization) and internal

costs.

Costs of Software
 
The cost of packaged ERP software depends on the scope of implementation (the # of ERP


modules and the number of end users), complexity of software and ERP vendors. ERP

software that involves the integration with external business entities generally costs more.

ERP vendors offer discount for organizations who invest in a suite of ERP software

systems. Mid-sized organizations typically commit a few million dollars to packaged ERP

software.

Costs of Hardware

Implementation of ERP systems routinely requires purchase of new computer hardware,

systems software, network equipment and security software. The costs of hardware vary in

a wide range dependent on the scope of implementation and platforms. The hardware

typically costs about half million dollars for mid-sized organizations that implements ERP

systems.

Costs of Professional Services

Customization The big chunk of costs of Professional Services is customization. The cost

of customization can easily out-run the cost of packaged ERP software, but it is the

customization of ERP software that makes an ERP a success or a failure.

Integration ERP systems won't demonstrate its full potentials unless they are properly

integrated with other enterprise software application:

1. the integration of various functional ERP modules,

2. the integration of ERP with other e-business software applications, and

3. the integration of ERP with legacy systems.

Data Conversion

The cost of data conversion depends on the format and the media that

store the historical data. Data conversion from legacy systems to RDBMS is a timeconsuming

process. Data conversion may lead to further data gathering to fill the missing

links in data requirements.
 
Testing
 
 ERP systems are thoroughly tested before they go into production. ERP testing


includes unit testing, component testing, regression testing, performance testing and user

acceptance testing.

Training

Workflow and UI design in ERP software are more complex than average

business software. ERP training is expensive because workers almost invariably have to

learn a new set of processes of doing their daily tasks besides learning how to use the ERP

software. To reduce the cost of ERP training and to ease the transitions from old processes

to new, organizations often seek the help from training companies which are specialized in

coaching workers on using ERP software from particular vendors.

WHY ERP PROJECT FAIL?

WHY ERP PROJECT FAIL?


Among companies that have been through a- less-than-fully successful ERP


implementation five reasons for poor results show up consistently:

• Operating strategy did not drive business process design and deployment.

• The implementation took much longer than expected.

• Pre-implementation preparation activities were done poorly, if at all.

• People were not well-prepared to accept and operate with the new system.

• The cost to implement was much greater than anticipated.

There Is No Magic in ERP Software: It’s in Preparation of the Process and People

Successfully implementing ERP the first time requires a structured methodology that is

strategy-, people and process-focused.